-PENGERTIAN UMROH
menurut saya umroh ialah berkunjung ke Baitullah untuk melaksanakan Thawaf, Sa’i dan Tahallul dalam wak
-PENGERTIAN UMROH
menurut saya umroh ialah berkunjung ke Baitullah untuk melaksanakan Thawaf, Sa’i dan Tahallul dalam waktu yang tidak ditentukan, untuk mencari keridhaan Allah SWt.
-KETERANGAN
Umroh disunahkan bagi setiap muslim yang mampu. Pelaksanaan dapat dilakukan kapan saja kecuali tgl 10 Zulhijah dan hari-hari Tasyrik tgl 11,12,13 Zulhijah.
Umroh saat bulan Ramadhan sama dengan melakukan Ibadah Haji.
-UMROH DI BAGI MENJADI 3 YAITU:
1. Umrah Mufradah
2. Umrah Tamattu'
3. Umrah Sunah
-SYARAT-SYARAT UMROH:
1. islam
2. baligh/dewasa
3. berakal sehat
4. merdeka
5. mampu
-TAHAPAN UMROH-TAHAPAN UMROH
KEGIATAN
1. Berangkat menuju Miqat.
2. Berpakaian dan berniat Ihram di Miqat.
3. melakukan Shalat sunat ihram 2 rakaat jika memungkinkan.
4. Melafazhkan niat Umroh.
5. Teruskan perjalanan ke Mekah, dengan membaca Talbiah sebanyak-banyaknya dan mematuhi
larangan saat ihram.
6. Melakukan Tawaf sebanyak 7 putaran.
7. Melakukan Sa'i antara Bukit Safa - Bukit Marwah sebanyak 7 kali.
8. melakukan Tahallul atau menggunting rambut.
-ISTILAH PADA IBADAH UMROH
Aqabah : salah satu tempat pelemparan jumrah, dengan nama jumrah Aqabah.
Arafah : Tempat jamaah haji melakukan Wukuf yang di lakukan pada tanggal 9 dhulhizah.
Arbain : Kegiatan shalat wajib 5 waktu yg berturut-turut selama 8 hari.
-RUKUN DAN WAJIB UMROH
-Rukun Umroh
1. Ihram : keadaan seseorang yang telah beniat untuk melaksanakan umrah.
larangan saat ihram:
1. Tidak boleh memotong dan mencabut rambut, memotong kuku,dan menggaruk kulit sampai terklupas.
2. Tidak boleh menggunakan parfum, termasuk parfum yang ada pada sabun.
3. Tidak boleh bertengkar.
4. Tidak boleh bermesraan.
5. Tidak boleh berhubungan suami isteri.
6. Tidak boleh berkata yang tidak baik.
7. Tidak boleh menikah atau menikahkan.
8. Tidak boleh berburu binatang atau membantu berburu.
9. Tidak boleh membunuh binatang (kecuali mengancam jiwa),dan mencabut tumbuhan.
10. Tidak boleh ber make-up.
11. Pria tidak boleh : memakai penutup kepala, memakai pakaian berjahit, dan tidak boleh memakaialas kaki.
2. Tawaf : suatu ritual mengelilingi Ka'bah sebanyak tujuh kali sebagai bagian pelaksanaan umrah.
Adapun syarat-syaratnya adalah :
1. Suci dari hadast.
2. Suci badan/pakaian/tempat tawaf.
3. Menutup aurat.
4. Bermula pada sudut Al-Hajarul Aswad dan berniat Tawaf jika Tawaf Wada'/Sunat/Nazar.
5. Menjadikan Baitullah di sebelah kiri dan berjalan ke hadapan. (berlawanan dengan arah jarum jam jika dilihat dari atas)
6. Berjalan bertujuan Tawaf, bukan bertujuan lain.
7. Cukup 7 kali keliling dengan yakin.
8. Dilakukan dalam Masjidil Haram dan di luar dari Hijir Ismail/Syazarwan.
Tawaf pun dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis yaitu :
1. Tawaf Rukun.
2. Tawaf Qudum.
3. Tawaf Wada'.
4. Tawaf Sunat.
5. Tawaf Nazar.
Ada beberapa sunah-sunah tawaf diantaranya :
1. Berjalan kaki.
2. Berittiba' bagi Tawaf diiringi dengan Sa'ie (Lelaki)
3. Melakukan Ramal (Berlari-lari anak) bagi Tawaf yang diiringi dengan Sa'i
(Lelaki)
4. Istilam Hajarul Aswad dan Mengucupnya/Istilam Rukun Yamani dan tidak
Mengucupnya.
5. Membaca Zikir dan Doa.
6. Berturut-turut 7 kali keliling.
7. Tawaf dengan Khusyuk/Tawadhuk.
8. Sembahyang Sunat Tawaf.
3. Sa'i : salah satu rukun umrah yang dilakukan dengan berjalan kaki menuju Bukit Shafa ke
Bukit Marwah sebanyak 7 kali.
4. Tahallul : tahallul yaitu dengan mencukur atau memotong rambut sedikitnya 3 helai rambut.
-tahallul di bagi menjadi dua yaitu:
1. Tahallul Awal
2. Tahallul Sani/Qubra
5. Tertib :menjalankan umroh dengan tertib.
-Wajib Umroh
1. Niat Ihram di Miqat
2. Meninggalkan larangan selama Ihram
-Hukum menunaikan ibadah Umrah ada dua yaitu:
1. Wajib :jika melakukann umrah untuk haji
2. Sunnah : jika melakukan umrah selain ibadah haji
Late in April, after Native American actors walked off in disgust from the set of Adam Sandler’s latest film, a western sendup that its distributor, Netflix, has defended as being equally offensive to all, a glow of pride spread through several Native American communities.
Tantoo Cardinal, a Canadian indigenous actress who played Black Shawl in “Dances With Wolves,” recalled thinking to herself, “It’s come.” Larry Sellers, who starred as Cloud Dancing in the 1990s television show “Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman,” thought, “It’s about time.” Jesse Wente, who is Ojibwe and directs film programming at the TIFF Bell Lightbox in Toronto, found himself encouraged and surprised. There are so few film roles for indigenous actors, he said, that walking off the set of a major production showed real mettle.
But what didn’t surprise Mr. Wente was the content of the script. According to the actors who walked off the set, the film, titled “The Ridiculous Six,” included a Native American woman who passes out and is revived after white men douse her with alcohol, and another woman squatting to urinate while lighting a peace pipe. “There’s enough history at this point to have set some expectations around these sort of Hollywood depictions,” Mr. Wente said.
The walkout prompted a rhetorical “What do you expect from an Adam Sandler film?,” and a Netflix spokesman said that in the movie, blacks, Mexicans and whites were lampooned as well. But Native American actors and critics said a broader issue was at stake. While mainstream portrayals of native peoples have, Mr. Wente said, become “incrementally better” over the decades, he and others say, they remain far from accurate and reflect a lack of opportunities for Native American performers. What’s more, as Native Americans hunger for representation on screen, critics say the absence of three-dimensional portrayals has very real off-screen consequences.
“Our people are still healing from historical trauma,” said Loren Anthony, one of the actors who walked out. “Our youth are still trying to figure out who they are, where they fit in this society. Kids are killing themselves. They’re not proud of who they are.” They also don’t, he added, see themselves on prime time television or the big screen. Netflix noted while about five people walked off the “The Ridiculous Six” set, 100 or so Native American actors and extras stayed.
But in interviews, nearly a dozen Native American actors and film industry experts said that Mr. Sandler’s humor perpetuated decades-old negative stereotypes. Mr. Anthony said such depictions helped feed the despondency many Native Americans feel, with deadly results: Native Americans have the highest suicide rate out of all the country’s ethnicities.
The on-screen problem is twofold, Mr. Anthony and others said: There’s a paucity of roles for Native Americans — according to the Screen Actors Guild in 2008 they accounted for 0.3 percent of all on-screen parts (those figures have yet to be updated), compared to about 2 percent of the general population — and Native American actors are often perceived in a narrow way.
In his Peabody Award-winning documentary “Reel Injun,” the Cree filmmaker Neil Diamond explored Hollywood depictions of Native Americans over the years, and found they fell into a few stereotypical categories: the Noble Savage, the Drunk Indian, the Mystic, the Indian Princess, the backward tribal people futilely fighting John Wayne and manifest destiny. While the 1990 film “Dances With Wolves” won praise for depicting Native Americans as fully fleshed out human beings, not all indigenous people embraced it. It was still told, critics said, from the colonialists’ point of view. In an interview, John Trudell, a Santee Sioux writer, actor (“Thunderheart”) and the former chairman of the American Indian Movement, described the film as “a story of two white people.”
“God bless ‘Dances with Wolves,’ ” Michael Horse, who played Deputy Hawk in “Twin Peaks,” said sarcastically. “Even ‘Avatar.’ Someone’s got to come save the tribal people.”
Dan Spilo, a partner at Industry Entertainment who represents Adam Beach, one of today’s most prominent Native American actors, said while typecasting dogs many minorities, it is especially intractable when it comes to Native Americans. Casting directors, he said, rarely cast them as police officers, doctors or lawyers. “There’s the belief that the Native American character should be on reservations or riding a horse,” he said.
“We don’t see ourselves,” Mr. Horse said. “We’re still an antiquated culture to them, and to the rest of the world.”
Ms. Cardinal said she was once turned down for the role of the wife of a child-abusing cop because the filmmakers felt that casting her would somehow be “too political.”
Another sore point is the long run of white actors playing American Indians, among them Burt Lancaster, Rock Hudson, Audrey Hepburn and, more recently, Johnny Depp, whose depiction of Tonto in the 2013 film “Lone Ranger,” was viewed as racist by detractors. There are, of course, exceptions. The former A&E series “Longmire,” which, as it happens, will now be on Netflix, was roundly praised for its depiction of life on a Northern Cheyenne reservation, with Lou Diamond Phillips, who is of Cherokee descent, playing a Northern Cheyenne man.
Others also point to the success of Mr. Beach, who played a Mohawk detective in “Law & Order: Special Victims Unit” and landed a starring role in the forthcoming D C Comics picture “Suicide Squad.” Mr. Beach said he had come across insulting scripts backed by people who don’t see anything wrong with them.
“I’d rather starve than do something that is offensive to my ancestral roots,” Mr. Beach said. “But I think there will always be attempts to drawn on the weakness of native people’s struggles. The savage Indian will always be the savage Indian. The white man will always be smarter and more cunning. The cavalry will always win.”
The solution, Mr. Wente, Mr. Trudell and others said, lies in getting more stories written by and starring Native Americans. But Mr. Wente noted that while independent indigenous film has blossomed in the last two decades, mainstream depictions have yet to catch up. “You have to stop expecting for Hollywood to correct it, because there seems to be no ability or desire to correct it,” Mr. Wente said.
There have been calls to boycott Netflix but, writing for Indian Country Today Media Network, which first broke news of the walk off, the filmmaker Brian Young noted that the distributor also offered a number of films by or about Native Americans.
The furor around “The Ridiculous Six” may drive more people to see it. Then one of the questions that Mr. Trudell, echoing others, had about the film will be answered: “Who the hell laughs at this stuff?”
